Crucial factors to be borne in mind while drafting a Patent as a beginner [Mechanical]

Patent is the techno-legal document which grants the right holder exclusive intellectual property rights over specific inventions. It grants the inventor the exclusive right for a designated period of time, which is a non-extendable period of 20 years in India. To bring the best of monetary benefit from a patent, it is of utmost importance to mark the exclusivity of the invention – for which patent document needs to be aptly drafted.

Now the major challenge faced while applying for a Patent as a beginner is to figure out the right way to draft the patent application – which would not only ring out the best of the invention by navigating through the details, but also make it an easy go affair to get the patent granted. In this article we would take you through the crucial factors which should be borne into mind – before and while drafting the Patent – more specifically a Mechanical invention as a beginner. 

Checks to follow before initiating patent drafting

Patent is all about protecting an invention, involving research and technology which is novel, inventive and has got industrial applicability. Hence, the foremost important step before proceeding or processing the drafting of a patent application, it is the novelty and inventiveness check which needs to be done. This will ascertain the fact whether the subject-matter is likely to proceed and get a patent grant or not. Thus, in a gist, the checks required are:

  • Check for patentability criteria (novelty, inventiveness, industrial applicability) – this step might some extra effort in the beginning, but then, it can prove to be a great time (and money) saver later;
  •  If you are a foreign national filing a patent application in India, you need to grant Power of Attorney to an India resident to aid you in filing the patent;
  • Check for relevant forms and fees requirement – which will help you to plan out the government charges required;
  • Plan out whether the patent application would be filed only in India or even outside India – formal requirements change accordingly;

Segments of a patent specification and the details under each segment

Title: Title is nothing but a crisp heading of the invention which should broadly indicate the domain of the invention. Title of the invention should be not more that 15 words. 

Preamble: Preamble of the invention differs for Provisional and Complete specification and is an indicative of the fact as to whether the application is a description of invention or even the manner in which it is performed.

Preamble for Provisional Specification: ‘The following specification describes the invention

Preamble for Complete Specification: ‘The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed

Field of invention: This is indicative of the subject matter to which the invention relates and also the preferable area of usage of the application. 

Background of the invention: If you had ever noticed, every story has a background which sets the plot and thereafter the entire story is based out of that plot. The background of invention in case of a patent specification is no exception – this portion highlights the present available technicalities (state of art) in the domain of the present invention for which the patent has to be drafted and thereby highlights the drawbacks of the state of art – thus indicating the problem statement. This problem statement is more like setting the plot on which the rest of the patent draft would be based upon. 

In case of a Complete Specification drafting, the background is followed by Objective of the present invention (which can be a separate sub-category as well).

Summary of the invention: According to unwritten rules of the Patenting system, the summary of patent specification should be verbatim of the independent claims of the patent specification. In case it is a provisional specification, summary is more of a gist of the inventive concept of the invention – which in future can even be amended in the complete specification stage to make it a verbatim of the independent claims of the patent specification.

Brief description of drawings: This section mentions the drawings of the invention with a very brief (on-liner) indication of which drawing is indicative of what.

Detailed description of drawings: This is the section under which a complete picture of the invention is depicted. The main object of this segment is to enable a person skilled in the art to reduce the invention into practice without further experimentation. Again, according to unwritten rules of the Patenting system, this segment should consist verbatim of all the claims – suitably placed – along with the other details of the invention. This is the segment which should detail out on the enablement of the invention, the technical advantages, comparative details (if any), industrial applicability. Overall, this is the segment which should capture all the details of the invention to bring out the essence of the invention.

List of reference numerals: This is the segment which indicates what the numerals indicate in the drawings as mentioned (this segment is only required when drawing are provided along with the invention).

Claims: Claims are those which set the boundaries of the invention. Every claim consists of three parts – Preamble, Transitional phrase, and Body. Since the claims define the scope of the invention, it should be carefully drafted to cover all aspects of an invention and also at the same time bring out the novel aspect of invention in the independent claims and the inventive aspect in the dependent claims. Again, according to unwritten rules of the Patenting system, in India, two-part claims are most preferred ones wherein the claim should consist of non-novel parts followed by ‘characterised’ or ‘wherein’ and then novel component of the invention. It should be further kept in mind that the claims should not be too narrow – neither too broad. In case its too narrow, anything in future falling outside it and getting a patent is likely to happen. While on the other hand, if the claim is too broad, it would attract multiple prior arts and thus creating challenges to get the patent granted.

Abstract: Abstract is basically a concise summary of the matter contained in the specification. It should be indicating clearly the technical field to which the invention belongs, technical problem to which the invention relates and the solution to the problem through the invention and principal use or uses of the invention. Abstracts should always indicate the reference (the most appropriate) figure that best describes the invention (in cases whereby the patent application comprises of drawings).

Things to keep in mind when drafting a patent specification

Some of the frequently missed things which should be borne into mind while drafting a patent application:

  • Go for a provisional specification drafting when the invention is yet to reach the end results, and complete specification if otherwise;
  •  Start with claims drafting in case of complete specification – that would help chalk out the boundaries of the invention;
  • Always use the correct preamble for the provisional/complete specification to avoid objections in future;
  • Patent office always prefers the preamble of the independent claim to be same as the title of the patent application;
  • Add multiple embodiments so as to cover as many variants of the invention as possible;
  • Abstract should always have the reference of the most appropriate drawing that best explains the invention;
  • The specification should indicate only one invention/a single inventive concept;
  • Reference numerals should be indicated in the detailed description, claims and abstract.

FAQs

Is there a word or page limitation in Indian Patent Drafting?

In the Indian Patenting system, for an application which goes beyond a total page count of 30 pages, there is an additional fees requirement. 

Furter, for the abstract, it is preferable to keep the work count up-to 150 words and similarly, for the title of the invention, the word count should not go beyond 15 words. 

Is there any language or font style or page-layout or margin details to be followed while drafting?

According to Rule 9, The Patents Rules 2003, these are the following criteria:

Language: Hindi or English (unless otherwise directed or allowed by the Controller)

Font style: As such text font is not specifically mentioned, but the most commonly used fonts in a patent document are Times New Roman, Arial or Courier. Nevertheless, it is mentioned that the text should be in large and legible characters not less than 0.28 centimetre high with deep indelible ink with lines widely spaced not less than one and half spaced only upon one side of the paper.

Page layout and margin: The patent document should be on such paper which is flexible, strong, white, smooth, non-shiny, and durable of size A4 of approximately 29.7 centimetre by 21 centimetre with a margin of at least 4 centimetres on the top and left-hand part, and 3 centimetres on the bottom and right-hand part thereof. The pages should be numbered in consecutive Arabic numerals in the centre of the bottom of the sheet. Further, it should contain the numbering to every fifth line of each page of the description and each page of the claims at right half of the left margin. 

Are drawings mandatory?

Drawings aren’t a mandate, but preferred – specifically in mechanical or any relevant core domain patents. No descriptive matter shall appear on the drawings except in the flow diagrams. Drawings shall be on standard A4 size sheets with a clear margin of at least 4 cm on the top and left hand and 3 cm at the bottom and right hand of every sheet. Additionally, drawings shall be on a scale sufficiently large to show the inventions clearly and dimensions shall not be marked on the drawings.

Do you need to be a patent attorney to draft a patent?

A patent attorney isn’t a mandate when drafting or even filing a patent application and the same can be drafted and filed by the applicant of the patent as well. Only challenge lies in the fact that the applicant might not be aware of nitty gritty of the patent application, the legalities, forms, and fees involved. Hence, it is always advisable to seek the help of an expert – which is a patent attorney in the present case to process the patent application. 

Can I club multiple inventions in a single patent draft?

Unity of invention is one of the crucial factors of a patent application, thus, clubbing multiple inventions in a single patent draft isn’t allowed. A complete specification shall always relate to a single invention, or to a group of inventions linked so as to form a single inventive concept (Section 10(5), the Patents Act, 1970).

How can you file a patent application post drafting of the same and till grant?

Post drafting of a patent application, it is the relevant forms and fees requirement which comes into play to process the application for filing.

Author: Priyanka Chakraborty

Copyright © 2023 Intellect Vidhya Solutions Law LLP. All rights reserved.

Share:

Share on facebook
Facebook
Share on twitter
Twitter
Share on linkedin
LinkedIn
Share on whatsapp
WhatsApp
Share on facebook
Share on twitter
Share on linkedin
Share on whatsapp

Related Posts

Copyright Protection for Sound Recordings - Intellect Vidhya

Understanding Copyright for Sound Recordings

Copyright for sound recordings is a vital aspect of intellectual property law, protecting the rights of creators and ensuring they maintain control over their work. Sound recordings, whether they are music tracks, podcasts, or other audio forms, are protected by copyright, granting the owner exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, and publicly perform the work. This article will walk you through the basics of sound recording copyright: what it protects, how a traditional right has evolved into an increasingly important one in digital times and how digital distribution impacts your copyright rights. What is Copyright for Sound Recordings? Copyright for sound recordings refers to the legal protection granted to the specific performance or recording of a sound. This protection is separate from the copyright in the underlying musical composition or lyrics — it covers only the actual recorded sounds. For example, when an artist records a song, the sound recording copyright protects that particular recorded version while composition of music and lyrics are protected by means of their own copyright. Copyright owners of sound recordings have several exclusive rights, including: These rights allow creators to determine how their recordings can be used and for which they will receive royalties if others use the work. Duration of Copyright Protection for Sound Recordings The Copyright Act, 1957 of India governs protection duration for copyright in sound recordings. In India, sound recordings are protected for a period of 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year following the year in which such recording is published. This is also in line with the international framework that India has subscribed to, as a member of Berne Convention. As a result of this protection, sound recordings in India are given a standardised period of copyright that may be slightly different from other jurisdictions but one which generally ensures the robust protection to creative works. How Digital Distribution Impacts Your Copyright Rights? The digital environment has transformed the manner in which sound recordings are distributed and includes online platforms (e.g., streaming, downloads) and social media. This has led to many new opportunities for creators, and at the same time created more complications in copyright clearance. Digital distribution impacts your copyright rights in several ways: The Role of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) Collective Management Organizations (CMOs), also known as Performing Rights Organizations (PROs), also have a major role in taking care of the Copyright for sound recordings. These organizations collect royalties on behalf of copyright owners when their recordings are played publicly, whether on the radio, in public spaces, or online. Joining a CMO gives creators protection in the form to get paid for using their recordings. They support the enforcement of copyright by monitoring usage, and acting against not authorised uses on behalf of their members Copyright Infringement and Remedies Copyright infringement occurs when someone uses a sound recording without permission, violating the copyright holder’s exclusive rights. Infringement can take many forms, including unauthorized copying, distribution, or public performance of the recording. When infringement occurs, copyright holders have several remedies available: Conclusion Sound recording copyright is an essential tool to defend the interests of its creators as it allows control and benefit their productions. With the evolution of digital distribution, it has become even more critical to understand how here-to-for basic principles affect your copyright rights. Keeping up to date about your entitlements, using copyright aids and working with CMOs will enable creators in their quest to protect against unauthorised use of sound recordings.

Read More »
The Basics of a Non-Disclosure Agreement NDA - Intellect Vidhya solutions

The Basics of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)

In a world where more information is everywhere, keeping data safe and secret is imperative. It does not matter if you are an entrepreneur, fellow worker, or business partner in this industry; having good knowledge about the Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is extremely important to secure some of your confidential data. This article explores the very basics of NDAs and why they are important, as well as how they manifest themselves in a variety of different scenarios. What is a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)? A Non-Disclosure Agreement, commonly known as an NDA, is a legally binding contract that establishes a confidential relationship between two or more parties. Parties use an NDA to ensure that information they exchange during their relationship stays out of the hands of unauthorized parties. In general, NDAs are very common in business-related situations, such as those relating to trade secrets and associated information that is valuable, including the methods. Why Are NDAs Important? NDAs are essential for several reasons: 1. Protecting Confidential Information: NDAs protect a company’s confidential information, things like business plans, marketing strategies, financial data and intellectual property. This security is critical to have a competitive advantage and prevent misuse or sharing of key information. 2. Establishing trust: With an NDA in place, parties show their willingness to keep information private which then builds and security. This trust is crucial on collaborations, partnerships and negotiations when sensitive information has to be shared. 3. Legal Recourse: Lastly, a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) serves as a legal tool for pursuing action against anyone who breaches the confidentiality. The remedies available to the party that has not breached include monetary damages, specific performance, or injunctive relief. Key Elements of NDA While NDAs can vary in complexity depending on the situation, they generally include the following key elements: Why are NDA used? NDAs are commonly employed in a wide range of scenarios to safeguard confidential information. They are frequently utilised in business partnerships to enable companies to exchange confidential information without concerns of it being disclosed. During employment, NDAs are put in place to safeguard trade secrets that employees may come across in the course of their work. Mergers and acquisitions also depend on NDAs to safeguard vital information throughout negotiations. When developing new products, NDAs are put in place to prevent suppliers or testers from misusing the information. NDAs are crucial in investment discussions to safeguard business plans and intellectual property, as well as in IP patent agreements to prevent the unauthorised disclosure of innovations. In general, NDAs play a crucial role in preserving confidentiality in various aspects of business and law. Legal Validity of NDAs The legal standing of Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) is rooted in contract law, making them legally binding documents that enforce confidentiality between parties. When properly drafted and executed, NDAs are enforceable in court, allowing the injured party to seek remedies such as injunctions or damages if the agreement is breached. However, for an NDA to hold up legally, it must be clear, reasonable in scope, and not overly restrictive. Courts will also consider the fairness of the agreement, ensuring that it doesn’t impose undue hardship on the parties involved. Conclusion Non-Disclosure Agreements are powerful tools for protecting confidential information and fostering trust between parties. By clearly defining what constitutes confidential information, outlining the obligations of the receiving party, and specifying the consequences of a breach, NDAs help prevent the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data. Whether you’re entering into a business partnership, hiring employees, or developing new products, understanding and utilizing NDAs can be essential to your success and security.

Read More »
copyright for youtubers - Intellect Vidhya

Protect Your Content: Intellectual property Guide for Youtubers

Imagine as an Youtuber, you’ve just hit upload on your latest YouTube video. It’s a masterpiece – hours of scripting, filming, and editing have gone into it. But as you sit back and watch the views roll in, a nagging thought hits you: “What if someone steals my content?” If you’re a YouTuber, whether you’re just starting out or already have a sizeable following, understanding your intellectual property (IP) rights isn’t just important – it’s essential. But don’t worry, this article got you covered. Copyrights Copyright protects original works of authorship, including videos, music, scripts, and other audiovisual content. It grants the creator exclusive rights to use, distribute, and modify their work. It automatically safeguards your original work without the need for registration. However, it is always advisable to get your work protected under copyright as it will serve as strong evidence of your ownership. Key points about copyright in India: The copyright registration process in India involves: It’s advisable to register copyright for your most valuable content or elements used across multiple videos. Trademarks In Indian law, a trademark is a unique sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. For YouTubers, this can include: If you have a unique channel name, logo, or catchphrase, registering it as a trademark can prevent others from using similar marks that could confuse your audience. Trademarks offer several benefits: Steps to Protect Your Trademark: Patents Patents protect inventions and grant the patent holder exclusive rights to use and exploit the invention for a specified period.While patents are less common for YouTubers, if you create a unique technology or software for video production, a patent might be applicable. Eligibility for Patents How It Applies to YouTubers For YouTubers, patents might be relevant if they develop new technology, tools, or processes related to their content creation. This could include: Best Practices for YouTubers Conclusion Understanding and protecting your intellectual property is crucial for YouTubers to ensure their creative efforts are safeguarded. By navigating the complexities of Indian IP law, YouTubers can focus on what they do best—creating engaging and innovative content for their audience. Stay informed, stay protected, and keep creating!

Read More »
micro copyright in India - Intellect Vidhya

Micro Copyright in India: Protecting Small-Scale Creative Works

In the digital age, the creation and sharing of content have reached unprecedented heights. With the proliferation of user-generated content, short-form media, and the increasing significance of individual contributions to larger works, the concept of “micro copyright” has emerged. Micro copyright refers to the protection of smaller, often more granular, creative expressions. In the context of Indian copyright law, this concept presents unique challenges and opportunities. This article explores the intricacies of micro copyright and the conundrums surrounding its protection in India. Understanding Micro Copyright Micro copyright encompasses the rights associated with smaller creative works such as social media posts, memes, short videos, gifs, and even individual elements within larger works, like specific phrases or designs. These forms of content, while often brief and seemingly inconsequential, can hold significant value and can be the subject of copyright protection. The Legal Framework of Copyright in India The Indian Copyright Act, 1957, primarily governs copyright protection in India. The Act provides protection to original literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, cinematograph films, and sound recordings. For a work to be protected, it must be original and expressed in a tangible form. Challenges in Protecting Micro Copyright 1. Originality and Fixation One of the fundamental requirements for copyright protection is that the work must be original and fixed in a tangible medium. This can be challenging for micro content, where the line between original creation and common expression is often blurred. Determining the originality of a tweet, meme, or short video clip can be subjective and contentious. 2. De Minimis Doctrine The de minimis doctrine, which means “about minimal things,” can pose a significant challenge for micro copyright. This doctrine suggests that the law does not concern itself with trivial matters. Small snippets of content might be considered too insignificant to warrant protection, leaving creators without legal recourse for unauthorized use. 3. Fair Use The concept of fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders. In the context of micro copyright, determining what constitutes fair use can be particularly tricky. For instance, sharing a meme or a short clip might be considered fair use, but if it goes viral and gains commercial value, the original creator might seek protection and compensation. 4. Enforcement and Attribution Even if micro content is eligible for copyright protection, enforcing these rights can be challenging. Monitoring the vast expanse of the internet for unauthorized use of small-scale content is a daunting task. Additionally, the ease with which digital content can be shared and altered complicates the process of ensuring proper attribution and compensation. The Way Forward 1. Clearer Guidelines and Definitions To address the challenges of micro copyright, clearer guidelines and definitions are needed within the Indian Copyright Act. Defining what constitutes a protectable micro work and setting standards for originality can provide better clarity for creators and users alike. 2. Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Technology Leveraging technology, such as digital rights management (DRM) systems and content recognition algorithms, can help creators monitor and enforce their copyright more effectively. These technologies can automate the process of identifying unauthorized uses and facilitate easier enforcement. 3. Education and Awareness Increasing awareness among creators about their rights and the mechanisms available for protecting their content is crucial. Educational campaigns and resources can empower creators to navigate the complexities of copyright law and safeguard their micro creations. 4. Legal Reform and International Cooperation Given the global nature of digital content, international cooperation and harmonization of copyright laws can play a significant role in addressing the challenges of micro copyright. Legal reforms that consider the unique nature of digital content and micro works can provide a more robust framework for protection. Conclusion The rise of micro copyright in the digital era presents a unique conundrum under Indian copyright law. While the current legal framework provides a foundation for protecting creative works, the nuances of micro content require more specific attention and adaptation. By addressing the challenges of originality, fair use, enforcement, and attribution, and by leveraging technology and education, India can better protect the rights of creators in the evolving landscape of digital content.

Read More »